Busan, South Korea – Busan Metropolitan City is rapidly transforming into a hub of demographic change, with nearly one in four of its residents now aged 65 or older. Recent data from the Ministry of Interior and Safety reveals that Busan’s elderly population has surged to 23.87% of its total, far outpacing the national average of 20.00%. This rapid aging places Busan at a critical crossroads, presenting both significant challenges and new opportunities for its future development.
According to recent data from the Ministry of Interior and Safety’s resident registration statistics, Busan’s elderly population totals 779,854 individuals. This figure is significantly higher than in metropolitan areas such as Seoul, where those aged 65 or older account for 19.41% of the population. Comparatively, Busan’s aging rate is more closely aligned with rural regions like Jeonnam, which has the nation’s highest proportion of elderly residents at 27.18%.
Additionally, women make up a larger share of Busan’s 65+ population, reflecting the broader national trend of higher female longevity. This demographic shift highlights the importance of implementing gender-sensitive policies to effectively address the unique challenges of an aging population.
Population and Aging Rates by Region (2024.12.23)
| Region | 65+ Population (People) | Proportion (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Seoul | 1,811,706 | 19.41 |
| Busan | 779,854 | 23.87 |
| Daegu | 492,557 | 20.84 |
| Incheon | 532,618 | 17.63 |
| Gwangju | 246,699 | 17.51 |
| Daejeon | 258,847 | 17.98 |
| Ulsan | 188,434 | 17.16 |
| Sejong | 45,226 | 11.57 |
| Gyeonggi | 2,266,257 | 16.55 |
| Gangwon | 384,585 | 25.33 |
| Chungbuk | 348,835 | 21.92 |
| Chungnam | 475,103 | 22.23 |
| Jeonbuk | 438,777 | 25.23 |
| Jeonnam | 486,231 | 27.18 |
| Gyeongbuk | 658,401 | 26.00 |
| Gyeongnam | 703,556 | 21.79 |
| Jeju | 126,864 | 18.92 |
As the aging trend accelerates, its effects on Busan’s economy, social fabric, and urban development are becoming more pronounced. The increasing proportion of elderly residents poses significant economic challenges. Public pension systems and healthcare services face mounting pressure, while industries dependent on a younger workforce may struggle with labor shortages. Busan’s traditionally strong maritime and industrial sectors may need to adapt to these demographic realities.
The demand for elderly care services is expected to rise sharply, along with the need for age-friendly infrastructure. Community programs aimed at combating isolation and promoting social engagement among seniors will also play a crucial role in maintaining a high quality of life for the aging population.
Urban infrastructure in Busan must evolve to meet the needs of its older residents. This includes accessible public transportation, senior-friendly housing, and healthcare facilities designed to accommodate an aging population.
While Busan’s aging rate is above the national average, it is slightly lower than in some rural provinces such as Gangwon (25.33%) and Gyeongbuk (26.00%). By contrast, urban areas like Incheon (17.63%) and Sejong (11.57%) have much lower rates of aging, reflecting the concentration of younger populations in newer or more economically dynamic regions.
In the global context, Busan’s aging trend aligns with those seen in other developed cities such as Nagoya in Japan or Naples in Italy, where similar demographic shifts have prompted significant changes in public policy and urban planning.
The South Korean government has introduced several initiatives to address the challenges of an aging society, including healthcare reforms and incentives for higher birth rates. However, local governments play a critical role in implementing these policies effectively.
In Busan, programs tailored to the elderly population include expanded healthcare services, community centers for seniors, and public awareness campaigns promoting intergenerational understanding. However, gaps remain in areas such as affordable housing for seniors and comprehensive support for caregivers.
Local perspectives highlight the human dimension of these demographic changes. Senior residents in Busan express concerns about rising healthcare costs and limited social opportunities. Healthcare professionals emphasize the need for more resources to meet the increasing demand for elderly care. Policymakers acknowledge these challenges and stress the importance of proactive measures to ensure a balanced approach to urban and social development.
Busan’s aging population presents both pressing challenges and unique opportunities. As the city adapts to this new demographic reality, it must balance the immediate needs of its elderly residents with long-term strategies for sustainable development. By embracing innovation and community-driven solutions, Busan can transform its aging society into a source of strength and resilience for the future.
