Busan, South Korea – The recent final approval of the Korean Air-Asiana Airlines merger by the European Commission (EC) marks a pivotal moment for the South Korean aviation industry. However, the merger has sparked significant regional concerns, particularly in Busan, where local stakeholders fear the potential loss of a regional hub airline could undermine economic and strategic interests.
Korean Air’s announcement to acquire Asiana Airlines in November 2020 set in motion a complex merger process aimed at creating a leading global airline. The merger has undergone stringent scrutiny from international regulatory bodies, with the EC’s recent approval on November 28, 2024, signaling the clearing of one of the final hurdles. The EC’s concerns about monopolistic effects were mitigated through Korean Air’s commitments, including the sale of cargo operations to Air Incheon.
This merger aligns with global trends in aviation, where consolidation is viewed as a strategy to enhance competitiveness. Korean Air and Asiana Airlines’ integration places the combined entity among the top 10 airlines globally, with increased leverage in international markets.
Korean Air has indicated plans to integrate its low-cost carrier (LCC) subsidiaries—Jin Air, Air Busan, and Air Seoul—under the Jin Air brand. This move is aimed at streamlining operations and enhancing the competitiveness of its budget airline services. Korean Air will operate Asiana Airlines as a subsidiary for two years to ensure a smooth transition.
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT) and the Korea Development Bank (KDB) have played critical roles in facilitating the merger, emphasizing compliance with domestic and international regulatory requirements. However, both entities face criticism for their perceived inaction regarding regional concerns.
The merger significantly reshapes South Korea’s aviation landscape. The integration of the LCCs under Jin Air is expected to create the nation’s largest budget airline, outpacing competitors such as Jeju Air and T’way Air. While this strengthens Korean Air’s market position, concerns about reduced competition and service diversity persist.
The merger’s impact on employees is a critical concern, with potential redundancies and challenges in merging corporate cultures. Korean Air’s transitional plan for Asiana Airlines aims to mitigate these risks.
Air Busan, Asiana’s subsidiary, has long served as a regional hub airline crucial to the economic and strategic development of the southeastern region. With the upcoming Gadeokdo Airport in Busan, maintaining a local hub airline is seen as vital to ensuring the airport’s success and enhancing regional connectivity.
A regional hub airline is instrumental in driving local economic growth, fostering tourism, and improving accessibility. The potential absorption of Air Busan into Jin Air raises fears of diminished regional representation and reduced investment in the southeastern region.
Local stakeholders, including civic groups and the Busan Chamber of Commerce, have voiced strong opposition to the merger’s implications for regional aviation. They argue for the preservation of a regional hub airline and demand that the government include Air Busan’s autonomy in the post-merger integration (PMI) plan. Protests and petitions emphasize the importance of regional balance in national aviation policy.
Aviation experts note that while consolidation can yield operational efficiencies, addressing regional disparities is crucial for balanced development. Lessons from international mergers, such as Lufthansa’s acquisition of ITA Airways, highlight the importance of safeguarding regional hubs to maintain equitable growth.
The South Korean government is under increasing pressure to address the concerns of Busan and other southeastern regions regarding the potential regional impacts of the Korean Air-Asiana merger. Policymakers must carefully navigate this complex issue to ensure the merger does not deepen regional disparities while harnessing its potential to enhance South Korea’s position in the global aviation industry.
Strategies such as prioritizing international route allocations in anticipation of the planned Gadeokdo Airport, providing incentives to strengthen regional airlines, and ensuring the independence of Air Busan are vital to achieving an equitable and mutually beneficial outcome for all stakeholders.
